I150/srcs/RobotNet10/Components/RobotNet10.ScriptEditor/Helpers/Webcil/WasmWebcilUnwrapper.cs

namespace RobotNet10.ScriptEditor.Helpers.Webcil;

internal class WasmWebcilUnwrapper : IAsyncDisposable
{
    private readonly Stream _wasmStream;
    private MemoryStream? _cachedStream;

    public WasmWebcilUnwrapper(Stream wasmStream)
    {
        _wasmStream = wasmStream;
    }

    public async Task WriteUnwrappedAsync(Stream outputStream)
    {
        // Cache the stream content to MemoryStream for synchronous BinaryReader operations
        if (_cachedStream == null)
        {
            _cachedStream = new MemoryStream();
            await _wasmStream.CopyToAsync(_cachedStream);
            _cachedStream.Position = 0; // Reset to beginning for validation
        }

        // Validate prefix from cached stream
        ValidateWasmPrefix(_cachedStream);

        // Skip prefix and read data section
        var prefix = WasmWebcilWrapper.GetPrefix();
        _cachedStream.Position = prefix.Length;
        
        using var reader = new BinaryReader(_cachedStream, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8, leaveOpen: true);
        var bytes = ReadDataSection(reader);
        await outputStream.WriteAsync(bytes);
    }

    private void ValidateWasmPrefix(Stream stream)
    {
        var originalPosition = stream.Position;
        try
        {
            // Create a byte array matching the length of the prefix.
            var prefix = WasmWebcilWrapper.GetPrefix();
            var buffer = new byte[prefix.Length];
            stream.Position = 0;
            int bytesRead = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            if (bytesRead < buffer.Length)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Unable to read Wasm prefix.");
            }

            // Compare the read prefix with the expected one.
            if (!buffer.SequenceEqual(prefix))
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid Wasm prefix.");
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            stream.Position = originalPosition;
        }
    }

    private static void SkipSection(BinaryReader reader)
    {
        var size = ULEB128Decode(reader);
        reader.BaseStream.Seek(size, SeekOrigin.Current);
    }

    private static byte[] ReadDataSection(BinaryReader reader)
    {
        // Skip until we find the data section, which contains the Webcil payload.
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1];
        while (true)
        {
            // Read the Data section
            var dataRead = reader.Read(buffer, 0, 1);
            if (dataRead == 0)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Unable to read Data Section.");
            }

            // Check the Data section (ID = 11)
            if (buffer[0] == 11)
            {
                break;
            }

            // Skip other sections by reading and ignoring their content.
            SkipSection(reader);
        }

        // Read and ignore the size of the data section.
        ULEB128Decode(reader);

        // Read the number of segments.
        int segmentsCount = (int)ULEB128Decode(reader);
        int lastSegment = segmentsCount - 1;
        for (int segmentIndex = 0; segmentIndex < segmentsCount; segmentIndex++)
        {
            // Ignore segmentType (1 = passive segment)
            var segmentType = reader.Read(buffer, 0, 1);
            if (segmentType != 1)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unexpected segment code for segment {segmentIndex}.");
            }

            // Read the segment size.
            var segmentSize = ULEB128Decode(reader);

            // The actual Webcil payload is expected to be in the last segment.
            if (segmentIndex == lastSegment)
            {
                return reader.ReadBytes((int)segmentSize);
            }

            // Skip other segments.
            reader.BaseStream.Seek(segmentSize, SeekOrigin.Current);
        }

        throw new Exception("Unable to read DataSection.");
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Decodes a variable-length quantity (VLQ) encoded as unsigned LEB128.
    /// LEB128 (Little Endian Base 128) is used to encode integers in a variable number of bytes.
    /// The method reads bytes from the provided binary reader and decodes them into an unsigned integer.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="reader">The binary reader from which to read the ULEB128 encoded data.</param>
    /// <returns>The decoded unsigned integer from the ULEB128 encoded data.</returns>
    private static uint ULEB128Decode(BinaryReader reader)
    {
        uint result = 0;
        int shift = 0;
        byte byteValue;

        do
        {
            byteValue = reader.ReadByte();
            uint byteAsUInt = byteValue & 0x7Fu;
            result |= byteAsUInt << shift;
            shift += 7;
        } while ((byteValue & 0x80) != 0);

        return result;
    }

    public async ValueTask DisposeAsync()
    {
        if (_cachedStream != null)
        {
            await _cachedStream.DisposeAsync();
        }
        await _wasmStream.DisposeAsync();
    }
}